Landcover transitions

A country's land cover composition is a helpful starting point for understanding its environmental profile. But the composition itself is often only part of the story. More interesting is often how the land cover changed. In the case of deforestation, for example, we would be interested in the current land cover and how it has changed recently. Did the rate of deforestation decrease? Or did reforest programs successfully expand forest cover?

This tool goes one step further and answers the question: From which type and into which type of land cover did the country transition? Different from country-level aggregates on forest losses, transitions between land cover types also tell us more about the drivers and causes. If forests were cleared for agricultural purposes, we would expect to see transitions from the Tree cover type into Cropland or Grassland. If reforestation efforts were successful, we would expect the reverse.

Image shows the landcover map according to the ESA CCI land cover classification from 1992 to 2022. Source: World Bank

The graphs below show how land cover types changed from year to year, starting with the transition between 1992 to 1993. The original data contains 37 land cover types but for clarity, we only present 12 types. The data is derived from a time series of consistent global land cover maps at 300m spatial resolution annually from the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative Land Cover (v2.1.1) project.

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The transitions bands show how the share of total land cover changed from to .

Timeline

Download land cover transitions

Below you can download the transitions you see above for this country or for all countries. Please refer to our data usage policies in the FAQ .

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Land cover classes

For more details, see the website of the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative Land Cover (v2.1.1).

Color Group Description
missing No Data
cropland Cropland, rainfed
cropland Cropland, rainfed, herbaceous cover
cropland Cropland, rainfed, tree, or shrub cover
cropland Cropland, irrigated or post-flooding
cropland Mosaic cropland (>50%) / natural vegetation (tree, shrub, herbaceous cover) (<50%)
cropland Mosaic natural vegetation (tree, shrub, herbaceous cover) (>50%) / cropland (<50%)
forest Tree cover, broadleaved, evergreen, closed to open (>15%)
forest Tree cover, broadleaved, deciduous, closed to open (>15%)
forest Tree cover, broadleaved, deciduous, closed (>40%)
forest Tree cover, broadleaved, deciduous, open (15-40%)
forest Tree cover, needleleaved, evergreen, closed to open (>15%)
forest Tree cover, needleleaved, evergreen, closed (>40%)
forest Tree cover, needleleaved, evergreen, open (15-40%)
forest Tree cover, needleleaved, deciduous, closed to open (>15%)
forest Tree cover, needleleaved, deciduous, closed (>40%)
forest Tree cover, needleleaved, deciduous, open (15-40%)
forest Tree cover, mixed leaf type (broadleaved and needleleaved)
forest Mosaic tree and shrub (>50%) / herbaceous cover (<50%)
grassland Mosaic herbaceous cover (>50%) / tree and shrub (<50%)
shrubland Shrubland
shrubland Evergreen shrubland
shrubland Deciduous shrubland
grassland Grassland
sparse vegetation Lichens and mosses
sparse vegetation Sparse vegetation (tree, shrub, herbaceous cover) (<15%)
sparse vegetation Sparse tree (<15%)
sparse vegetation Sparse shrub (<15%)
sparse vegetation Sparse herbaceous cover (<15%)
forest Tree cover, flooded, fresh or brackish water
forest Tree cover, flooded, saline water
wetland Shrub or herbaceous cover, flooded, fresh/saline/brackish water
settlement Urban areas
bare area Bare areas
bare area Consolidated bare areas
bare area Unconsolidated bare areas
water Water bodies
snow and ice Permanent snow and ice